cocos plate and north american plate boundary type

Silica-rich ash melted and coated the hot engine turbines with glass, causing all four of them to shut down. This affects not only plant and animal communities, but also human habitation and land use. All volcanic eruptions in Iceland, such as the 1973 eruption of Eldfell, the 1783 eruption of Laki, and the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajkull, are caused by the North American and the Eurasian Plates moving apart, which is a result of divergent plate boundary forces. Redoubt, an active volcano in Lake Clark National Park, illustrates how a volcano can pose an unexpected hazard in our modern age and why monitoring volcanic activity is so important (see photo below). This plate is rotating counter clockwise in towards the Pacific plate. Modified from The Geology of our National Parks, Monuments and Seashores, by Robert J. Lillie, New York, W. W. Norton and Company, 298 pp., 2005, www.amazon.com/dp/0134905172. This plate is moving northwest towards the Australia, Filipino, and Eurasia plates. The initial magma formed as mantle rock melts beneath a subduction zone has low silica (basalt) composition. There is tremendous deformation of the pre-existing continental rocks, and creation of mountains from that rock, from any sediments that had accumulated along the shores (i.e., within geosynclines) of both continental masses, and commonly also from some ocean crust and upper mantle material. Photo courtesy of Robert J. Lillie. Contents1 What boundary [] It is subducting under (that is, being forced under) the South American plate. Aniakchak National Monument and Preserve is on the Alaska Peninsula. The Cascade Volcanoes extend in a north-south line from Mt. The Nazca plate is an oceanic tectonic plate in the southeastern Pacific Ocean that shares both convergent and divergent boundaries, corners multiple triple junctions, contains three seamount chains, overrides four hotspots, and is responsible for the creation of the Andean orogeny (Figure 1). Redoubt Volcano Mazama 7,700 years before, the material expelled from its magma chamber did not spew forth out of the top of the volcano. Crater Lake partially fills the caldera of a volcano that erupted and collapsed in on Itself 7,700 years ago. Kenai Fjords National Park Another divergent plate boundary is the East Pacific Rise, which separates the massive Pacific plate from the Nazca, Cocos, and North American plates. This plate is moving north east towards the Eurasia plate and the Pacific plate. Eurasia plate, Pacific plate, Africa plate, Caribbean plate, South America plate, Cocos plate, Juan de Fuca plate. A glance at a map of the western United States might suggest that the Sierra Nevada are a southward continuation of the Cascade Volcanoes. Plates move as rigid bodies, so it may seem surprising that the North American Plate can be moving at different rates in different places. Garibaldi to Lassen Peak, coincides with the north-to-south extent of the subducting plate boundary. The Pacific Plate is almost entirely oceanic, but it does include the part of California west of the San Andreas Fault. Individual earthquakes can offset or lift the land a fraction of an inch or a few inches (centimeters) at a time. Images above modified from Oregon's Island in the Sky: Geology Road Guide to Marys Peak, by Robert J. Lillie, Wells Creek Publishers, 75 pp., 2017, www.amazon.com/dp/1540611965. What type of plate boundaies are found between the Cocos, Nazca, and Pacific plates? Rainier, a composite volcano rising to over 14,000 feet above sea level in Mt. The northern boundary of the Cocos Plate is the Middle America Trench. Some geological processes act so slowly that we may think of the Earth as rock-solid and unmoving. Half Dome in Yosemite National Park is made of granite that solidified from magma tens of millions of years ago, when a subduction zone extended along the entire west coast. Most of this water is present within the sheet silicate mineral serpentine which is derived from alteration of pyroxene and olivine near the spreading ridge shortly after the rocks formation. As they were caught in the vise between the converging Juan de Fuca and North American plates, some of the layers were so contorted that they are now in vertical orientations along the coast. Step 2/2. Two parallel mountain ranges commonly develop above such a subduction zone a coastal range consisting of sedimentary strata and hard rock lifted out of the sea (accretionary wedge), and a volcanic range farther inland (volcanic arc). Trees along the Washington coast were killed by salt-water invasion when the land suddenly dropped during the last great Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquake in the year 1700. It formed millions of years ago when the Farallon Plate split into the Cocos Plate and the Nazca Plate.. The eruption of Mt. This plate is moving north north east towards the Eurasia plate. Fortunately, no one was injured. As the basalt magma rises up through the thick continental crust of North America, it melts some of that rock, too. Redoubt, on the eastern side of the park, had four explosive eruptions that resulted in large volumes of ash and mudflows. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.org. The western part of California (including Los Angeles and part of San Francisco) will split away from the rest of North America, and eventually sail right by the west coast of Vancouver Island, en route to Alaska. Right image Tilted layers of thick sandstone (pink) and thin shale (dark) along the coast at Olympic National Park reveal the enormous forces that lifted and deformed the oceanic layers as the Juan de Fuca and North American plates converged. Photo courtesy of Robert J. Lillie. Ranger Jens Oreo Demo USGS photo. Examples of continent-continent convergent boundaries are the collision of the India Plate with the Eurasian Plate, creating the Himalaya Mountains, and the collision of the African Plate with the Eurasian Plate, creating the series of ranges extending from the Alps in Europe to the Zagros Mountains in Iran. Rocks in Yosemite, Kings Canyon, Sequoia, and Joshua Tree national parks contain exumed magma chamber rock that formed beneath the ancient volcanoes. This plate is small. What are the three types of convergent plate boundaries? This map shows the Juan de Fuca (JDF) and Explorer Plates off the coast of Vancouver Island. The Philippine Sea plate is tectonically unusual in that almost all the boundaries are convergent. It runs from the tip of South America eastwards to form a barrier between the Antarctic plate and the South America plate. At spreading centres, the lithospheric mantle may be very thin because the upward convective motion of hot mantle material generates temperatures that are too high for the existence of a significant thickness of rigid lithosphere (Figure \(\PageIndex{8}\)). Subduction of the Farallon Plate beneath the entire West Coast created a line of volcanoes from Alaska to Central America. The North American Plate is one of the slowest, averaging around 1 cm/y in the south up to almost 4 cm/y in the north. Divergent boundaries are spreading boundaries, where new oceanic crust is created from magma derived from partial melting of the mantle caused by decompression as hot mantle rock from depth is moved toward the surface (Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\)). One of them, Kenai Fjords National Park, lies within the accretionary wedge of uplifting oceanic sedimentary strata and hard crust. St. Helens. What type of plate boundary is the Cocos Plate? - Studybuff Caribbean Plate | Geology Page Credit: Photo courtesy of Robert J. Lillie. A map of the ocean floor reveals a deep underwater trench (dark blue line) running along the southern coast of Mexico, defining the boundary between two tectonic plates. Their high-silica magmas produce not only andesite and rhyolite lava flows, but also lots of other volcanic materials such as ash and pumice. This plate is small. The southern boundary is a mid-oceanic ridge, the Galapagos Rise. There is commonly an ocean trench along the boundary. Colors denote depth below sea level and elevation on land. Western Mexico, where the young and small Rivera Plate and the adjacent large Cocos Plate are subducting beneath the North American Plate, is a unique It is bordered by the Caribbean, North American, Pacific, and Nazca tectonic plates. The Cocos Plate is a young oceanic tectonic plate beneath the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of Central America, named for Cocos Island, which rides upon it. See Appendix 3 for Exercise 10.4 answers. Ancient magma chamber rocks can be exposed if subduction stops and the volcanoes erode away. These mega-earthquakes occur every 200 to 600 years or so, and the last one was in the year 1700. * The boundaries that moving away . Some of the processes taking place in this setting include: Spreading is hypothesized to start within a continental area with up-warping or doming related to an underlying mantle plume or series of mantle plumes. The Sierra Nevada are a remnant of volcanoes that extended southward when the ancient Farallon Plate dove beneath the edge of North America. Redwood National and State Parks, California Rainier were to suddenly and violently eruptso much that its magma chamber empties and the volcanic peak collapses in on itself. Three others, Aniakchak National Monument, Katmai National Park, and Lake Clark National Park, are farther inland, along the active volcanic arc. Crater Lake National Park has the 9th deepest lake in the world. Download the official NPS app before your next visit, Accretionary WedgeCoast Ranges [3 parks], Accretionary WedgeSouthern Alaska [1park]. Which is true? But if the lava spills out from beneath the ocean, it encounters cold water and hardens quickly as a pile of pillows. . Solved Unclick all the other layers you've been using, and - Chegg With continued uplift and erosion, most of the volcanic material would erode. 100% (1 rating) SOLUTION: * The plate boundaries moving towards each other are called the convergent plate boundaries. Left image Rates of motions of the major plates range from less than 1 cm/y to over 10 cm/y. Incipient rifting has begun along the Great Rift Valley of eastern Africa, extending from Ethiopia and Djibouti on the Gulf of Aden (Red Sea) all the way south to Malawi.

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