Effective commanders and staffs know how much time and space their units need to plan, prepare, and execute operations. So, an indicator of where the enemy commander is going to employ his breaching force is the location of the IMR-2, a very distinct looking piece of equipment, within the enemy force. B-43. Terrain adjacent to the AO may be key if its control is necessary to accomplish the mission. Does the potentially affected state(s) plan to use EMAC for behavioral health resources? They must be specific and measurable.They should also help highlight recovery issues and barriers to recovery.. Figure B-2 shows the relationship of IM, RI, and IRs. Has the Radiation Injury Treatment Network (RITN) been alerted? What is the projected requirement for the pre- and post-hospitalization regulating of patients (including at-risk), in order to integrate patients with transportation assets and definitive care facilities? However, as with all information, collectors should focus, as much as possible, only on data needed to determine the information required to build the common operational picture (COP). B-64. As information moves up the hierarchy, the C2 system transforms it. The source of execution information is the commander's decisions. This process raises information from the lowest level, data, to the highest, understanding. This is no more important than at the theater or ASCC level. This integration is essential to reaching understanding because it involves reducing the total number of bits to consider at any one time. Consideration of time available further includes the time subordinate commanders and units require to plan and prepare their own operations. 25: More Chinese Ferry Tales: China's Use of Civilian Shipping in Military Activities, 2021-2022, Hospital Ships: A Vital Asset for SOUTHCOM and South American Navies, The Goshen Massacre and the Specter of Cartel Spillover Into the US, Dangerous Alliances: Russias Strategic Inroads in Latin America, Year Ahead Emerging Technologies and the Collection of Battlefield Evidence, How Does Matter Matter In International Conflict and Security? RELEVANT INFORMATION SUBJECT CATEGORIES-METT-TC, the task, together with the purpose, that clearly indicates the action to be taken and the reason therefore (. What is the status of local/state public health public communication channels and technologies, including TTY and alternate formats, and services for persons with limited English proficiency? Techwalla may earn compensation through affiliate links in this story. It's basically the. Examples of these type of PIR include: When considering the scope of a Combatant Command (COCOM) and the potential actors operating within their Area of Responsibility campaign PIR are vital to focus the analyst on the events and personalities that their commander believes are important. The analyst must know what information to look for, in this example the analyst must know what a fixing force is, what a fixing force typically is comprised of, and how the enemy deploys a fixing force either by their doctrine or by knowing how the enemy they are up against has used them in the past. Doing so allows the lower echelon to leverage the analytical power and collection capability of the next higher headquarters. Small Wars Journal is published by Small Wars Foundation - a 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation. Terrain is normally analyzed using the five military aspects of terrain, expressed in the memory aid, OAKOC: Commanders consider all five aspects when analyzing terrain. Although open, rolling terrain provides little concealment and cover to light forces, it is suited for rapid advances by heavy formations. Where is the enemy and what is he going to do? Please turn on JavaScript and try again. The same terrain feature may not be key for all COAs. EEIs are also used in non-intelligence fields, such as responders to crisis events or medical emergencies. Figure B-3 illustrates the relationships among the cognitive hierarchy, IRs, and CCIR. : Where will the Donovian commander commit his breaching force? Commanders carefully weigh the expected military benefits against costs to the community that will have to be addressed in the future. Have assessments of all hazards been accomplished in the affected area (assessing exposures on the general population and the at-risk)? Is DOD assistance available to provide installation support for Federal medical capabilities? The term includes all civilians within an AO as well as those outside the AO whose actions, opinions, or political influence can affect the mission. Unexpected, unplanned, and situation-dependent. 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In general, commanders do not require RI beyond a moderate level to accomplish their individual missions, so long as it is accurate, timely, and usable. Examples include national and religious holidays, agricultural crop/livestock and market cycles, elections, civil disturbances, and celebrations. Commanders may know what is happening and why. PIR focus on "how I (the commander) see the enemy." However some operations require achieving unity of effort between them and the force. EEI ensures incident personnel gather the most accurate and appropriate data, translate it into useful information, and communicate it with appropriate personnel. Commanders should know the disposition and situation of their forces without having to visit each unit on the ground. Information requirements are all information elements the commander and staff require to successfully conduct operations; that is, all elements necessary to address the factors of METT-TC. PDF Overview FEMA Public Assistance - Microsoft Capabilities also refer to resources and services that can be contracted to support the military mission, such as, interpreters, laundry services, construction materials, and equipment. The EEI are written out in advance as questions by consumers of the EEI information. All the essential topics in information theory are covered in detail, including . Avenues of Approach. Beyond that, more RI can help commanders achieve mission success at reduced cost; however, waiting for that RI may carry an unacceptable cost in timeliness. In those cases, commanders may designate that question as one of their CCIR, which generates PIR or FFIR. The world's increasing urbanization means that the attitudes and activities of the civilian population in the AO often influence the outcome of military operations. This is information that helps to coordinate what type of collection asset would best be able to collect the information needed to answer the PIR. Areas defined by political boundaries, such as, districts within a city or municipalities within a region. It occurs continually. (See FM 5-0.) An information system can have internal as well as external. Other business practices compliment the process, too, such as (1) Area of Intelligence Responsibility (AOIR) for, collection, analysis, production, and dissemination, U.S. Army Intelligence & Security Command. Analysts can shift focus for a short period to shift their attention to specific mission priorities without completely dropping sight of the overarching campaign. The importance of keywords and subject-specific vocabulary in writing an information report has already been mentioned. What is the status of the need for behavioral health support to the FMS: diagnoses, occupied beds, vacant/available beds, types and amounts of psychotropics used, and patient contacts since last report? What damage has occurred in the affected area (including injuries/fatalities)? The collector may become fixated on counting equipment and only reporting when they see the exact size force described by the indicator. Most Military Intelligence Brigades, Theater [MIB (T)] have an Analytical Control Element (ACE) and Collection Battalion supporting the Army Service Component Command (ASCC). All are highly effective tools for painting the picture of the battlefield for the commander, yet this level is synchronization is often underused or incorrectly implemented in the intelligence enterprise. The mission statement defines the who, what, when, where, and why of the operation. The terrain has a direct impact on selecting objectives; location, movement, and control of forces; effectiveness of weapons and other systems; and protective measures. Without this focus collectors and analysts are left to determine for themselves what they think the priority is. During preparation and execution, CCIR focus on information needed to validate the selected COA or determine when to initiate critical events, such as a branch or sequel. A more appropriate way to ask the question is, How will the Donovian commander use his fixing forces? As will be illustrated in the later sections of this piece, answering this question as apposed to the previous one can provide more detailed insights into the enemy commanders thought process and can trigger the blue force commander to make a decision. EEIs, or measures of situation awareness work the same way as quality control measures work on a process. B-26. At the tactical level, they directly relate to key civilian areas, structures, capabilities, organizations, people, and events within the AO. Communication is left out of some lists of CBIS elements, but for a CBIS that involves more than one piece of hardware to function, communication or connectivity is a necessity. From the Collection Battalion to the Army Service Component Command (ASCC), PIR (and the analysis that goes into answering them) are one the most important tasks of the Intelligence enterprise. Commanders also consider the consequences of using it. Have essential services been restored? SOPs promote understanding and teamwork among commanders, staffs, and subordinates. Different COAs may have different key terrain associated with them. The answers the Program Delivery Manager received from the Applicant while asking questions from the Essential Elements of Information questionnaire during the Recovery Scoping Meeting produce documentation requirements in Grants Portal What is the state(s) plan on applying for FEMA crisis counseling grants? Data, or information, is the third element of a CBIS. NIMS Management Characteristic - Information and Intelligence Management They maintain understanding of subordinates' readiness, including, maintenance, training, strengths and weaknesses, commanders, and logistic status. Information Requirements and Cognitive Hierarchy. The C2 system cannot reduce judgment to procedures or rules. Exceptional information directly affects either mission accomplishment or survival of the force. Has the potentially affected state(s) determined the status of in-patient behavioral health facilities? Possible sites for the temporary settlement of dislocated civilians or other civil functions. B-24. Answers to CCIR must be immediately reported to the commander by any means available. The distinctions between the levels of the cognitive hierarchy are not always clear. Events are routine, cyclical, planned, or spontaneous activities that significantly affect organizations, people, and military operations. B-34. In the context of the cognitive hierarchy, information is data that have been processed to provide further meaning. A reinforcing obstacle's effectiveness varies with the type of force negotiating it, the fires covering it, the nature of the obstacle, and the weather. They may transmit exceptional information, answers to the CCIR, and routine information.
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6 essential elements of information