which of the following was a progressive era reform

[213], In 1903, the American reformers in the Philippines passed two major land acts designed to turn landless peasants into owners of their farms. Certain key groups of thinkers, writers, and activists played key roles in creating or building the movements and ideas that came to define the shape of the Progressive Era. Using the language of municipal housekeeping women were able to push such reforms as prohibition, women's suffrage, child-saving, and public health. Judson A. Grenier, "Muckraking the muckrakers: Upton Sinclair and his peers." Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you [122][123], The purity of food, milk, and drinking water became a high priority in the cities. One early success came in the Newfoundland fisheries dispute between the United States and Britain in 1910. Progressive Era reform efforts in addressing the problems of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in two areas. Political machines also impacted the legitimacy of votes, which was one reason reformers vote for political change. [237] In 1907, Georgia and Alabama were the first states to go dry followed by Oklahoma, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Tennessee in the following years. One of the agreed upon principles focused on the importance of community and that goals of the community should come before those of individuals. ", Paige Meltzer, "The Pulse and Conscience of America" The General Federation and Women's Citizenship, 19451960,", Debra Reid, "Rural African Americans and Progressive Reform,", Dianne D. Glave, "'A Garden so Brilliant With Colors, so Original in its Design': Rural African American Women, Gardening, Progressive Reform, and the Foundation of an African American Environmental Perspective. He appealed to the businessman with the gospel of efficiency in municipal affairs, run by non-partisan experts like himself. Stivers, C. (2009). [178] By 1910, most farmers subscribed to a farm newspaper, where editors promoted efficiency as applied to farming. Progressivism in the United States is a political philosophy and reform movement in the United States advocating policies that are generally considered left-wing, left-wing populist, democratic socialist, libertarian socialist, social democratic, and environmentalist.In mainstream American politics, progressives generally advocate a universal healthcare system, wage equity and labor rights . He was elected to a full term in 1904 and continued to promote progressive policies, some of which were passed in Congress. Incorrect Answer(s) [192], By the start of the 20th century, a middle class had developed that was weary of both the business elite and the radical political movements of farmers and laborers in the Midwest and West. Jamess proposal for a national service was not as ambitious as the one found in Bellamys utopian society; moreover, James called for an all-male draft, thus ignoring Bellamys vision of greater gender equality, which inspired progressive thinkers such as Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Taft's cases included many leading firms in major sectors: Standard Oil; American Tobacco; United States Steel; Aluminum Company of America; International Harvester; National Cash Register; Westinghouse; General Electric; Kodak; Dupont; Union Pacific railroad; and Southern Pacific railroad. Originally, income tax (the amount of money the government takes from your salary) was based on your state's population. [89], Between 1901 and 1911, Progressive Republicans in Wisconsin created the nation's first comprehensive statewide primary election system,[90] the first effective workplace injury compensation law,[91] and the first state income tax,[92] making taxation proportional to actual earnings. ", Collin, Richard H. "Symbiosis versus Hegemony: New Directions in the Foreign Relations Historiography of Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Prior to that time, the Bill of Rights was considered to apply only to the federal government, not the states. Print; Share Copy and paste the link code above. [3] Spreading the message of reform through mass-circulation newspapers and magazines by "probing the dark corners of American life" were investigative journalists known as muckrakers". [260] Historians have moved back in time emphasizing the Progressive reformers at the municipal[261] and state[262] levels in the 1890s. [118], This movement targeted the regulations of huge monopolies and corporations. 240 lessons. A coalition of middle class reform-oriented voters, academic experts, and reformers hostile to the political machines started forming in the 1890s and introduced a series of reforms in urban America, designed to reduce waste, inefficiency and corruption, by introducing scientific methods, compulsory education and administrative innovations. In 1902 the League won a state constitutional amendment establishing direct democracy at the local level, [138][139] A breakaway group, the National Woman's Party, tightly controlled by Alice Paul, used civil disobedience to gain publicity and force passage of suffrage. August 2013, online, "Celebrating Women's History Month: The Fight for Women's Rights and the American Civil Liberties Union, ACLU", "Initiative, Referendum and Recall Introduction", "Wisconsin's Legal History: Law and the Progressive Era, Part 3: Reforming the Workplace", "The Establishment of Wisconsin's Income Tax", "The Origins of Unemployment Insurance in Wisconsin", "Transnational Reform and Democracy: Election Reforms in New York City and Berlin Around 1900", Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, "Consensus for Reform: The Mothers'-Pension Movement in the Progressive Era", "State Initiative and Referendum Summary", "Retrospectives: Eugenics and Economics in the Progressive Era", UC Santa Barbara, "The American Presidency Project", https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/aug/26/lawless-prohibition-gangsters-speakeasies, "A Brief Overview of Progressive Education", "Statistics: Education in America, 18601950", Bibliography of Woodrow Wilson Other primary sources, 1908 Republican campaign text-book online, 1916 Republican campaign text-book online, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Progressive_Era&oldid=1152241517, Baker, Paula. New York State took the lead in 1898, and by 1916 the old system had been discarded in every area. Others such as Lincoln Steffens exposed political corruption in many large cities; Ida Tarbell is famed for her criticisms of John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company. "[266] The slogan was no longer accurate by April 6 of the following year, when Wilson surprised much of the Progressive base that twice elected him and asked a joint session of Congress to declare war on Germany.

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