anatomical analysis of throwing a football

The large muscles of the legs and lower body, such as the calves, quadriceps, hamstrings and glutes, all help to drive and provide power as you step into the throw. Simultaneously the pectoralis major, subscapularis, and serratus anterior are inhibited. Full article: Analysis of some biomechanical variables influencing the endobj Foot-to-ball contact phase: the momentum of the foot has a statistically significant correlation of 0.455 and a contribution rate of 21% (p<0.01), the kinetic energy of the foot has a significant correlation of 0.416 and a rate of 17% (p<0.01). To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. The Biomechanics of Throwing. Citation2012) claim that the average ball speed during direct goal kick is 28.3m.s1 for a floating ball shot, the speed is 25.8m.s1 (De Luca etal. All of these muscles, combined with the arm muscles, are extremely active during the throw as you prepare to release the ball. Peak left leg force for the 3SSA throwing approach was significantly lower when compared to 1SRL (p=0.001) and 1SLR (p=0.002). Although not evident in these data, it is likely to be apparent when making realistic throws on an actual field. Handball throwing motion was found to be analogous to football throwing motion except for a greater humeral rotation (4). An official website of the United States government. The ankle bones are the tibia and calcaneus, which form a modified joint. Preliminary research also suggests that balance control in the support leg plays a key role in athletes' kicking performance. Vi& a`M\l3uW/[u+&WM6DrOQ%+ 5wR1T^!guV_ Kicking is the defining action of soccer, so it is appropriate to review the scientific work that provides a basis of our understanding of this skill. An overhead throwing motion is broken down into four phases: loading, arm-cocking, acceleration, and follow-through. However, it has been suggested that quick strides and an insufficient amount of time may negatively impact an optimal sequence of the preparatory throwing motions (9). Scott R. Johnson, Pamela J. Wojnar, William J. The main muscles responsible for hip flexion are psosas major, psosas minor and iliacus, which are collectively known as Iliopsoas, or hip flexors. There are two phases to striking a ball with a racket, the preparatory phase and the striking phase. The fluidity results from the maintenance of the stability, a greater degree of freedom of the segments and the articular mobility. It is an important phase which is responsible for imparting the velocity which is driven to the point of ball release. The ball was placed 20 meters in front of the goal. Citation2009) indicated the mean of foot velocity before ball impact was 20.5 (1.0) m.s1, and after ball impact was 13.7 (0.9) m.s1. A speed radar (Country Technology, Gray Mills, WI) was used to capture the velocity of each football throw. A comparative electromyographic analysis of the shoulder during pitching professionally versus amateur pitchers. a no difference when compared to 1SLR (p>0.05)b greater than 3SSA (p<0.05)c lower than 1SLR, 3SSG, 5ST (p<0.05). % National Library of Medicine Registered in England & Wales No. The kicking action takes place in a sagittal plane about a frontal axis and involves the hip, knee and ankle joints. Most actions are rotational in the transverse plane and longitudinal axis and the two joints primarily involved are the elbow and shoulder. 2. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: Analysis of some biomechanical variables influencing the accuracy of direct free kicks in soccer, b University of Setif 2/Laboratory SPAPSA, Analysis of direct free kicks in the womens football World Cup 2007, Initial ball flight characteristics of curve and instep kicks in elite womens football, Modelling the flight of a soccer ball in a direct free kick, Limpact de lactivit perceptive sur la motricit dun athlte darts martiaux lors dun combat Kung Fu Wushu (Sanda): Approche thermodynamique, Ball impact dynamics of knuckling shot in soccer, The biomechanics of kicking in soccer: a review, Ball impact dynamics of instep soccer kicking, Two types of ball-effector interaction and their relative contribution to soccer kicking, Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering. Kraemer, W.J. Another important factor that needs to be considered is the amount of time required for completion of the throwing motion. One-way analysis of variance was used to determine the differences between the six throwing approaches for the kinetic and kinematic variables examined in this study. During these simple movements consider the muscles proximally to distally. Baseball pitching demonstrated a greater and earlier occurrence of upper torso rotation, elbow extension, and shoulder internal rotation when compared to a standard quarterback throwing motion (3). Infraspinatus and teres minor have their peak activity to externally rotate the arm concentrically and later on their activity is decreased to moderate levels during the acceleration phase. endobj We use cookies to improve your website experience. Loading power moves During this phase, the muscle activity is quite low and for these reasons risk of injury is low as well [3]. x}[6#QhFz/2EfF(Ts"T]E`"2$fiV|9{(gwoao)fLq~77UWbyV~yQ%=6 /KVjxQ4UE^3!r.gW2)pC_@J!Y66? sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal During the wind-up phase, the energy is transferred from stride leg to pivot leg and winding up of the stride leg occurs. Using the central trend (arithmetic mean) and dispersion (standard deviation) parameters for the descriptive part, and the calculation of Bravais Pearsons correlation coefficients (r) for the analytical part, the calculations were performed by the IBM SPSS statistics 20 software analysis utility. The SST approach might be a beneficial method for a quick ball release required in the close presence of the defensive player or during execution of a special play. The results show the kinematic and kinetic variables, presented, described and interpreted above, having a statistically significant correlation 99 and significant with the success of the free kick, which reveals to us that it is clear that the analysis of the performance of the free-throw shot from the phases that compose it, demonstrates the importance of the constituent variables of each phase, all linked together to maximize the fluidity of the segmental sequence of the player throughout the shot franc. Descriptive statistics and standard deviations (xSD) were calculated for each of the dependent variables. In a study of pitchers with chronic anterior instability, stimulation of mechanoreceptors within the glenohumeral joint excited and/or inhibited certain muscles. That is usually the journal article where the information was first stated. 169-174). Follow-through is the phase where the body continues to move forward until the arm has ceased motion. One male right-handed quarterback athlete (height = 188 cm, weight = 95.2 kg, age = 20 years) competing at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division-I level of competition volunteered to participate in this research study.

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