linus pauling vitamin c, lysine protocol

In humans, vitamin C concentration is about 15 to 20 times higher in the aqueous humorfluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eyethan in plasma, suggesting that the vitamin may be playing an important role in the eye (107). A recent randomized controlled trial assessed the effect of vitamin C and vitamin E administration on reperfusion damage in patients who experienced acute myocardial infarction and underwent coronary angioplasty (see below) (132). In adults, lead toxicity may result in kidney damage, high blood pressure, and anemia. Early symptoms of scurvy like fatigue may result from diminished levels of carnitine, which is needed to derive energy from fat, or from decreased synthesis of the catecholamine norepinephrine (see Function). Linus Pauling Recommendations 1. Infection with the bacteria, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), is known to increase the risk of stomach cancer and is associated with lower vitamin C content of stomach secretions (74, 75). Although the analysis adjusted for several lifestyle and known risk factors, the authors noted that other healthy behaviors and/or folate intake may have confounded the association. 2013;9(1):46. Another large, multi-center, prospective studythe Womens Health Initiativethat followed 154,363 postmenopausal women for 11 years found that dietary and supplemental vitamin C intake at baseline was inversely associated with diffuse B-cell lymphoma, a subtype of NHL (81). 2003;170(2 Pt 1):397-401. Podmore ID, Griffiths HR, Herbert KE, Mistry N, Mistry P, Lunec J. Vitamin C exhibits pro-oxidant properties. One trial found that vitamin C supplementation (1 g/day) for 14 weeks reduced the risk of asthma attacks precipitated by respiratory infection. 2014;235(1):9-20. 2003;90(2):148-154. If you wish to check foods for their vitamin C content, search USDA's FoodData Central. Although the use of lead paint and leaded gasoline has been discontinued in the US, lead toxicity continues to be a significant health problem, especially in children living in urban areas. 2010;103(9):1251-1259. (PubMed), 83. In the US, Alzheimers disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affecting 5.5 million individuals 65 years and over (97). Atrial fibrillation:Atrial fibrillation is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia. J Urol. In this case, vitamin C is esterified to the saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid, resulting in a fat-soluble form of vitamin C. Ascorbyl palmitate has been added to a number of skin creams due to interest in its antioxidant properties, as well as its importance in collagen synthesis (see the separate article, Vitamin C and Skin Health) (188). 1997;15(6):795-801. Carr AC, Vissers MC. Anitra C. Carr, Ph.D. 2011;162(2):246-253. 2013;13:52. (PubMed), 193. 2007;83(11):707-711. Vitamin C likely also plays a role in the maintenance of genome integrity and in the protection against cellular transformation through regulating DNA and histone demethylating enzymes (see Function) (165). Several cross-sectional studies have reported an inverse association between vitamin C status and blood lead concentration. The role of vitamin C as a cofactor is also related to its redox potential. Carcinogenesis. (National Academy Press), 36. The effect of antioxidant vitamins E and C on cognitive performance of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment in Isfahan, Iran: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. About the Pauling Therapy - Heart Disease Cause and Cure (PubMed), 185. Specific measures of functions stimulated by vitamin C include cellular motility (10), chemotaxis(10, 11), and phagocytosis(11). The relation between gastric vitamin C concentrations, mucosal histology, and CagA seropositivity in the human stomach. 2013;72(1):139-146. Am J Clin Nutr. The recommended dietary calcium intake for adults is 1,000 to 1,200 mg/day. Front Oncol. Oregon State University, Updated in December 2004 by: Am J Clin Nutr. He explained that two-time Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling had given vitamin C a "bad name." In the 3 government's eyes, he was too vocal about its benefits. The effect of intravenous vitamin C on cancer- and chemotherapy-related fatigue and quality of life. Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) is available in many forms, but there is little scientific evidence that any one form is better absorbed or more effective than another. 2018;10:18. Linus Pauling believed that chronic scurvy can be prevented with an orthomolecular daily intake of between 3,000 to 10,000 mg or more vitamin C. This amount approximates what the animals synthesize, and matching animal production is the reason Pauling ingested 18,000 mg daily. 2001;21(3):235-237. The Pauling therapy is a combination of the specific orthomolecular nutrients - ascorbic acid, lysine and proline - that are proven to combat coronary heart disease at the specific dosages recommended by Linus Pauling. 2005;17(3):341-345. Chen GC, Lu DB, Pang Z, Liu QF. Fructose and vitamin C intake do not influence risk for developing hypertension. A 15-year follow-up of about 2,500 participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study found that higher plasma vitamin C and a higher diet quality score were independently associated with a reduced risk of developing hypertension (44). 2014;30(1):96-101. After approximately four years of follow-up in 19,496 men and women (ages 45-79 years), a dose-response relationship was observed such that each 20 mol/L increase in plasma vitamin C was associated with an estimated 20% risk reduction in all-cause mortality. In: Packer L, Fuchs J, eds. The information is made available with the understanding that the author and publisher are not providing medical, psychological, or nutritional counseling services on this site. Vitamin C also limited endothelial dysfunction that was experimentally induced in healthy volunteers (39). 1998;36(3):143-147. Linus Pauling Institute 1993;57(2):213-217. 2013;177(6):548-555. (PubMed), 67. Balbi ME, Tonin FS, Mendes AM, et al. Wang ZJ, Hu WK, Liu YY, et al. (PubMed), 151. Pharmacologic doses of ascorbate act as a prooxidant and decrease growth of aggressive tumor xenografts in mice. Vitamin C is the primary water-soluble, non-enzymatic antioxidant in plasma and tissues. You may not copy, modify, distribute, display, transmit, perform, publish or sell any of the copyrightable material on this website. Biofactors. 1995;59(6):1519-1523. Roswall N, Olsen A, Christensen J, Dragsted LO, Overvad K, Tjonneland A. Micronutrient intake and breast cancer characteristics among postmenopausal women. Low ascorbate levels are associated with increased hypoxia-inducible factor-1 activity and an aggressive tumor phenotype in endometrial cancer. After 14 years of follow-up, it was found that men who consumed 1,000 mg/day of vitamin C had a 41% higher risk of kidney stones compared to men consuming <90 mg of vitamin C daily. The capacity of vitamin C to influence the methylation status of DNA and histones in mammalian cells supports a role for the vitamin in health and disease beyond what was previously understood, in particular by safeguarding genome integrity (3, 4). 2014;6(9):3818-3846. Yet, most studies were small and of short duration and thus did not assess the consequence of long-term use of antioxidant vitamins on the risk of vascular complications in diabetic patients. Pharmacokinetic studies in older adults have not yet been conducted, but there is some evidence suggesting that the efficiency of one of the molecular mechanisms for the cellular uptake of vitamin C declines with age (208). Retrospective in vitro colony formation assays revealed that patient leukemic cells displayed variable sensitivity to vitamin C treatment: leukemic cells from seven out of the nine patients who experienced a significant clinical benefit were sensitive to vitamin C in vitro (i.e., "responders"); the leukemic cells from the remaining six patients were not sensitive to vitamin C (i.e., "non-responders"). In contrast, observational studies reported lower plasma vitamin C concentrations in AD patients compared to cognitively healthy subjects (101)and found better cognitive function or lower risk of cognitive impairment with higher plasma vitamin C (100). 1977;47(3):248-257. Vitamin C in plasma is inversely related to blood pressure and change in blood pressure during the previous year in young Black and White women. (PubMed), 39. Urate crystals may form in joints, resulting in inflammation and pain, as well as in the kidneys and urinary tract, resulting in kidney stones. Int J Surg. However, no difference in the infarct size between antioxidant vitamin treatment and placebo was seen (138). Linus Pauling Protocol for heart disease | Diabetes Daily Forums Corvallis, Oregon 97331, phone: 541-737-5075 | fax: 541-737-5077 (PubMed), 146. (PubMed), 161. Alzheimer's Association. Combined evidence from metabolic, pharmacokinetic, and observational studies, and from randomized controlled trials supports consuming sufficient vitamin C to achieve plasma concentrations of at least 60 mol/L. Contemp Clin Trials. 33. The effects of antenatal smoking on lung function and respiratory symptoms in infants and children. Heart Disease Vitamin C and Linus Pauling by Jeffrey Dach MD Dawson EB, Evans DR, Harris WA, Teter MC, McGanity WJ. Originally written in 2000 by: Juraschek SP, Guallar E, Appel LJ, Miller ER, 3rd. One supplement, Ester-C, contains mainly calcium ascorbate and includes small amounts of the vitamin C metabolites, dehydroascorbic acid (oxidized ascorbic acid), calcium threonate, and trace amounts of xylonate and lyxonate. A 2011 meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials in healthy individuals with elevated serum uric acid revealed that vitamin C supplementation (a median dose of 500 mg/day for a median duration of 30 days) modestly reduced serum uric acid concentrations by 0.35 mg/dL compared to placebo(120). (PubMed), 159. Carr AC, Pullar JM, Bozonet SM, Vissers MC. J Am Heart Assoc. 16. Levine M, Rumsey SC, Daruwala R, Park JB, Wang Y. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. Another meta-analysis of 40 randomized controlled trials in 276,820 women found no effect of vitamin C, alone or combined with vitamin E or multivitamins, when supplemented during pregnancy (starting prior to 20 weeks gestation), on the risks of overall fetal loss, miscarriage, stillbirth, and congenital malformation(89). Hutchinson J, Lentjes MA, Greenwood DC, et al. Compared to standard-of-care, this intervention cocktail more than halved the mean duration of vasopressor use (18.3 h versus 54.9 h) and reduced the odds of mortality by nearly 90% (156). 2015;20(2):210-223. Related to this oxidation -reduction ( redox) potential, two major functions of vitamin C are as an antioxidant and as an enzyme cofactor (1). 1994;35(3):317-322. Oregon State University, Updated in September 2009 by: Pauling, two-time Nobel laureate and the world's foremost vitamin C proponent, entertained an overflow crowd in the Bldg. While the Sesso study showed no mortality benefit, many previous studies such as the Enstrom Study showed a striking 40% reduction in all-cause mortality over 6 years from the same 500 mg daily vitamin C . A 2012 review of nine randomized controlled trials found no substantial effect of -carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E, administered individually or in combination over 2.1 to 12 years, on the risk of cataracts or cataract surgery (112). (PubMed), 113. (PubMed), 59. 1999;13(9):1007-1024. Prenatal vitamin C and E supplementation in smokers is associated with reduced placental abruption and preterm birth: a secondary analysis. J Urol. Research Associate (PubMed), 203. (PubMed), 114. A systematic review and meta-analysis. We currently do not know how much vitamin C is required to achieve saturation of cells and tissues in children, older adults, and diseased or stressed individuals. Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. Of note, because intravenous administration of 80 g of vitamin C precipitated hemolytic anemia in two subjects with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, patients due to receive high-dose vitamin C infusion are systematically screened for this genetic disorder (166). However, in test tube experiments, vitamin C can interact with some free metal ions and lead to the generation of potentially damaging free radicals.

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